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| Lithium (medication) ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Lithium (medication)
Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts are primarily used as a psychiatric medication. This includes in the treatment of major depressive disorder that does not improve following other antidepressants and bipolar disorder.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html )〕 In these disorders it reduces the risk of suicide. Lithium is taken by mouth.〔
Common side effects include increased urination, shakiness of the hands, and increased thirst. Serious side effects include hypothyroidism, diabetes insipidus, and lithium toxicity. Blood level monitoring is recommended to decrease the risk of potential toxicity. If levels become too high diarrhea, vomiting, poor coordination, sleepiness, and ringing in the ears may occur. Lithium may cause problems in the baby if used during pregnancy.〔 It appears to be okay during breastfeeding. Lithium salts are classified as mood stabilizers. How they work is not specifically known.〔
In the 1800s lithium was used in people who had gout, epilepsy, and cancer. It use in mental illness began in 1948 by John Cade in Australia. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medication needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication.〔 The wholesale cost in 2014 was between 0.12 to 0.20 USD per day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=LIT300T&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=300%20mg&desc=Lithium%20Carbonate&pack=new&frm=TAB-CAP&rte=PO&class_code2=24%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2824%2E%29Medicines%20for%20mental%20and%20behavioral%20disorders%3Cbr%3E )〕 In the United States at usual doses it costs about 0.90 to 1.20 USD per day.〔
==Medical uses==
Lithium is used primarily for bipolar disorder.〔 It is sometimes used when other treatments are not effective in a number of other conditions, including major depression, schizophrenia, and some psychiatric disorders in children.〔 In mood disorders, of which bipolar is one, it decreases the risk of suicide. This benefit is not seen with other medications.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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